APT server man-in-the-middle and replaying old packages partially mitigated

THREAT53 · Partially mitigated: Some controls are in place, but the risk is still too high. · Defined in catalog.py:944

Risk: High impact × Low likelihood = 6 medium
After mitigations: High impact × Very Low likelihood = 3 low

How statuses and scores work

An attacker with a privileged network position could man-in-the-middle Apt communication and replay old (but valid, cryptograptographically signed packages) that may contain vulnerabilities.

Threat actors: Nation State / Law Enforcement Large Corporation

Mitigations

Mitigation	Status
Valid-Until for apt packages MITIG194	proposed

Where it applies

Applies to 1 component in 3 scenarios.

FPF apt repository External Services

Updates, time & DNS · FPF apt repository

digraph tm {
    graph [
        fontname = Arial;
        fontsize = 14;
    ]
    node [
        fontname = Arial;
        fontsize = 14;
    ]
    edge [
        fontname = Arial;
        fontsize = 12;
    ]
    nodesep = 1;

    subgraph cluster_boundary_Application_Server {
        graph [
            fontsize = 10;
            fontcolor = black;
            style = dashed;
            color = firebrick2;
            label = <<i>Application Server</i>>;
        ]

        component_App_Server_APT_NTP_DNS_Application_Server [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "App Server\nAPT/NTP/DNS";
            URL = "component_App_Server_APT_NTP_DNS.html";
            tooltip = "App Server APT/NTP/DNS";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

    }

    subgraph cluster_boundary_External_Services {
        graph [
            fontsize = 10;
            fontcolor = black;
            style = dashed;
            color = firebrick2;
            label = <<i>External Services</i>>;
        ]

        component_DNS_resolver_External_Services [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "DNS resolver";
            URL = "component_DNS_resolver.html";
            tooltip = "DNS resolver";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

        component_FPF_apt_repository_External_Services [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "FPF apt\nrepository";
            URL = "component_FPF_apt_repository.html";
            tooltip = "FPF apt repository";
            margin = 0.02;

            style = "filled";

            fillcolor = "#c0392b";

            fontcolor = "white";

            class = "highlighted";
        ]

        component_NTP_server_External_Services [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "NTP server";
            URL = "component_NTP_server.html";
            tooltip = "NTP server";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

        component_Ubuntu_apt_repository_External_Services [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "Ubuntu apt\nrepository";
            URL = "component_Ubuntu_apt_repository.html";
            tooltip = "Ubuntu apt repository";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

    }

    subgraph cluster_boundary_Monitoring_Server {
        graph [
            fontsize = 10;
            fontcolor = black;
            style = dashed;
            color = firebrick2;
            label = <<i>Monitoring Server</i>>;
        ]

        component_Monitor_Server_APT_NTP_DNS_Monitoring_Server [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "Monitor Server\nAPT/NTP/DNS";
            URL = "component_Monitor_Server_APT_NTP_DNS.html";
            tooltip = "Monitor Server APT/NTP/DNS";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

    }

    subgraph cluster_boundary_SecureDrop_Area {
        graph [
            fontsize = 10;
            fontcolor = black;
            style = dashed;
            color = firebrick2;
            label = <<i>SecureDrop Area</i>>;
        ]

        component_Dedicated_Hardware_Firewall_SecureDrop_Area [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "Dedicated\nHardware\nFirewall";
            URL = "component_Dedicated_Hardware_Firewall.html";
            tooltip = "Dedicated Hardware Firewall";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

    }

    component_App_Server_APT_NTP_DNS_Application_Server -> component_Monitor_Server_APT_NTP_DNS_Monitoring_Server [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "1. Proxy via monitor";    ]
    component_Monitor_Server_APT_NTP_DNS_Monitoring_Server -> component_Dedicated_Hardware_Firewall_SecureDrop_Area [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "2. Egress via\nfirewall";    ]
    component_Dedicated_Hardware_Firewall_SecureDrop_Area -> component_Ubuntu_apt_repository_External_Services [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "3. Ubuntu apt";    ]
    component_Dedicated_Hardware_Firewall_SecureDrop_Area -> component_FPF_apt_repository_External_Services [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "4. FPF apt";    ]
    component_Dedicated_Hardware_Firewall_SecureDrop_Area -> component_NTP_server_External_Services [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "5. NTP";    ]
    component_Dedicated_Hardware_Firewall_SecureDrop_Area -> component_DNS_resolver_External_Services [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "6. DNS";    ]
}

Supply chain and dependencies · FPF apt repository

digraph tm {
    graph [
        fontname = Arial;
        fontsize = 14;
    ]
    node [
        fontname = Arial;
        fontsize = 14;
    ]
    edge [
        fontname = Arial;
        fontsize = 12;
    ]
    nodesep = 1;

    subgraph cluster_boundary_Application_Server {
        graph [
            fontsize = 10;
            fontcolor = black;
            style = dashed;
            color = firebrick2;
            label = <<i>Application Server</i>>;
        ]

        component_App_Server_APT_NTP_DNS_Application_Server [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "App Server\nAPT/NTP/DNS";
            URL = "component_App_Server_APT_NTP_DNS.html";
            tooltip = "App Server APT/NTP/DNS";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

        component_Source_Interface_Application_Server [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "Source Interface";
            URL = "component_Source_Interface.html";
            tooltip = "Source Interface";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

    }

    subgraph cluster_boundary_External_Services {
        graph [
            fontsize = 10;
            fontcolor = black;
            style = dashed;
            color = firebrick2;
            label = <<i>External Services</i>>;
        ]

        component_FPF_apt_repository_External_Services [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "FPF apt\nrepository";
            URL = "component_FPF_apt_repository.html";
            tooltip = "FPF apt repository";
            margin = 0.02;

            style = "filled";

            fillcolor = "#c0392b";

            fontcolor = "white";

            class = "highlighted";
        ]

        component_SecureDrop_release___package_build_External_Services [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "SecureDrop\nrelease &\npackage build";
            URL = "component_SecureDrop_release___package_build.html";
            tooltip = "SecureDrop release & package build";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

        component_SecureDrop_source_repository_External_Services [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "SecureDrop\nsource\nrepository";
            URL = "component_SecureDrop_source_repository.html";
            tooltip = "SecureDrop source repository";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

        component_Tor_software_External_Services [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "Tor software";
            URL = "component_Tor_software.html";
            tooltip = "Tor software";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

        component_Ubuntu_apt_repository_External_Services [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "Ubuntu apt\nrepository";
            URL = "component_Ubuntu_apt_repository.html";
            tooltip = "Ubuntu apt repository";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

    }

    component_SecureDrop_source_repository_External_Services -> component_SecureDrop_release___package_build_External_Services [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "1. Build from source";    ]
    component_SecureDrop_release___package_build_External_Services -> component_FPF_apt_repository_External_Services [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "2. Publish packages";    ]
    component_FPF_apt_repository_External_Services -> component_App_Server_APT_NTP_DNS_Application_Server [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "3. Install / update";    ]
    component_Ubuntu_apt_repository_External_Services -> component_App_Server_APT_NTP_DNS_Application_Server [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "4. Ubuntu\ndependencies";    ]
    component_Tor_software_External_Services -> component_Source_Interface_Application_Server [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "5. Tor dependency";    ]
}

Workstation: boot, provisioning and updates · FPF apt repository

digraph tm {
    graph [
        fontname = Arial;
        fontsize = 14;
    ]
    node [
        fontname = Arial;
        fontsize = 14;
    ]
    edge [
        fontname = Arial;
        fontsize = 12;
    ]
    nodesep = 1;

    subgraph cluster_boundary_External_Services {
        graph [
            fontsize = 10;
            fontcolor = black;
            style = dashed;
            color = firebrick2;
            label = <<i>External Services</i>>;
        ]

        component_FPF_apt_repository_External_Services [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "FPF apt\nrepository";
            URL = "component_FPF_apt_repository.html";
            tooltip = "FPF apt repository";
            margin = 0.02;

            style = "filled";

            fillcolor = "#c0392b";

            fontcolor = "white";

            class = "highlighted";
        ]

    }

    subgraph cluster_boundary_SecureDrop_Workstation {
        graph [
            fontsize = 10;
            fontcolor = black;
            style = dashed;
            color = firebrick2;
            label = <<i>SecureDrop Workstation</i>>;
        ]

        subgraph cluster_boundary_Workstation_VMs {
            graph [
                fontsize = 10;
                fontcolor = black;
                style = dashed;
                color = firebrick2;
                label = <<i>Workstation VMs</i>>;
            ]

            component_sd_gpg_Workstation_VMs [
                shape = circle;
                color = black;
                fontcolor = black;
                label = "sd-gpg";
                URL = "component_sd_gpg.html";
                tooltip = "sd-gpg";
                margin = 0.02;
            ]

        }

        component_Qubes_OS_and_Xen_SecureDrop_Workstation [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "Qubes OS and Xen";
            URL = "component_Qubes_OS_and_Xen.html";
            tooltip = "Qubes OS and Xen";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

        component_Workstation_bootloader_SecureDrop_Workstation [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "Workstation\nbootloader";
            URL = "component_Workstation_bootloader.html";
            tooltip = "Workstation bootloader";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

        component_Workstation_firmware_SecureDrop_Workstation [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "Workstation\nfirmware";
            URL = "component_Workstation_firmware.html";
            tooltip = "Workstation firmware";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

        component_Workstation_hardware_SecureDrop_Workstation [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "Workstation\nhardware";
            URL = "component_Workstation_hardware.html";
            tooltip = "Workstation hardware";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

        component_Workstation_provisioning_code_SecureDrop_Workstation [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "Workstation\nprovisioning\ncode";
            URL = "component_Workstation_provisioning_code.html";
            tooltip = "Workstation provisioning code";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

        component_dom0_SecureDrop_Workstation [
            shape = circle;
            color = black;
            fontcolor = black;
            label = "dom0";
            URL = "component_dom0.html";
            tooltip = "dom0";
            margin = 0.02;
        ]

    }

    actor_Administrator_ [
        shape = square;
        color = black;
        fontcolor = black;
        label = "Administrator";
        URL = "component_Administrator.html";
        tooltip = "Administrator";
        margin = 0.02;
    ]

    actor_Journalist_ [
        shape = square;
        color = black;
        fontcolor = black;
        label = "Journalist";
        URL = "component_Journalist.html";
        tooltip = "Journalist";
        margin = 0.02;
    ]

    actor_Journalist_ -> component_Workstation_hardware_SecureDrop_Workstation [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "1. Power on";    ]
    component_Workstation_hardware_SecureDrop_Workstation -> component_Workstation_firmware_SecureDrop_Workstation [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "2. Start firmware";    ]
    component_Workstation_firmware_SecureDrop_Workstation -> component_Workstation_bootloader_SecureDrop_Workstation [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "3. Load bootloader";    ]
    component_Workstation_bootloader_SecureDrop_Workstation -> component_Qubes_OS_and_Xen_SecureDrop_Workstation [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "4. Boot Qubes";    ]
    component_Qubes_OS_and_Xen_SecureDrop_Workstation -> component_dom0_SecureDrop_Workstation [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "5. Start dom0";    ]
    actor_Administrator_ -> component_Workstation_provisioning_code_SecureDrop_Workstation [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "6. Install and\nconfigure";    ]
    component_Workstation_provisioning_code_SecureDrop_Workstation -> component_dom0_SecureDrop_Workstation [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "7. Apply salt states";    ]
    component_dom0_SecureDrop_Workstation -> component_sd_gpg_Workstation_VMs [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "8. Provide secret\nkeys";    ]
    component_dom0_SecureDrop_Workstation -> component_FPF_apt_repository_External_Services [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "9. Fetch updates";    ]
    component_FPF_apt_repository_External_Services -> component_dom0_SecureDrop_Workstation [        color = black;        fontcolor = black;        dir = forward;        label = "10. Signed packages";    ]
}

Notes

Existing mitigations: Valid-until is set for packages served by FPF APT repository (MITIG194). Automated test for mitigation: No.

How this threat is matched

Listed for these components. A boundary covers every component inside it.